In the previous post in this series, I started to explain why the UP is a special place. So special, in fact, that when somebody born and raised there moves, away, they feel like they're living in a foreign land, hence the name of the blog. I talked about how remote the region is, and the amazing bridge that connects it to the rest of the state of Michigan. This time, I'm going to start out with an abbreviated time line of Upper Peninsula history, which I'll reference in future posts.
A Brief History of the Upper Peninsula
Roughly 3 billion years ago, the Earth was littered with huge volcanic eruptions. These eruptions covered most of the western half of the UP with iron and copper. This left the surface of the western half of the UP nearly eight hundred feet higher than the eastern half and provided the iron and copper that would later allow the UP to develop one of the healthiest mining industries in the country.
Somewhere around 10,000 years ago, the most recent ice age gave the UP (and the rest of the Great Lakes Region) it's current shape. The scraping of glaciers over two miles thick tore the land of the UP down to, or near, bedrock. This stripped the area of most of the fertile soil, making growing in the area remarkably difficult without heavily fertilizing the crops.
Just over 1,200 years ago, the UP's first permanent settlers, the Ojibwe (oh-jib-way) and Menominee (men-o-min-ee) indian tribes came to the area. They subsided primarily on fish caught in the lakes and rivers of the Upper Peninsula, using nets to catch their food.
In 1620, the first known European to set foot in the UP crossed the St. Mary's River, which now forms the US/Canada border in the area. The explorer, named Etienne Brulé was seeking a route to the far East for King Louis XIII of France.
During the 1760's the British defeated the French for control of the region. They also gained control of most of the Great Lakes Region. In 1779, they built Fort Mackinac (mack-a-naw) on Mackinac Island to help defend against the Americans. By the turn of the century, the British lost control of the region to the Americans.
While the British controlled the region, they established a thriving fur trade in the region. The fur trade was later monopolized by the businessman John Jacob Astor, who later withdrew entirely from fur trading (leading to it's decline after the 1830's) in order to buy up all of the land of Manhattan Island, including land that extended far beyond the current city limits of New York City.
During the 1840's, the copper and iron from the volcanic blasts billions of years earlier are "discovered". Mines were established throughout the Keweenaw (key-wah-naw) for copper mining, while iron mines were established southwest of Marquette (mar-keht). To keep order throughout this region, the federal government established Fort Wilkins, an Army base near Copper Harbor. Fort Wilkins is now a Historic State Park.
In 1855, the Soo Locks opened in Sault Ste. Marie (Soo Saint Marie) and greatly eased the shipping of copper and iron ore from the Upper Peninsula to the Lower Great Lakes region. Eventually, the Soo Locks would ship a greater tonnage than either the Panama or Suez Canals.